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Contents

1. Introduction
2. Hazards Relating to the Use of Portable Computers
3. Good Practice When Using Portable Computers - The Equipment
4. Good Practice When Using Portable Computers - The Environment

1. Introduction

Laptops, note books and tablets have changed the way we are able to access information and indeed, where and when we can work. 

However, there may be hazards associated with the incorrect use of portable computers. The hazards are explored in this document, along with guidance on the correct use.

2. Hazards Relating to the Use of Portable Computers

Equipment design

The equipment is designed for portable use, so it is compact and as a result compromises to it's design have been made. This has lead to smaller keyboards and screens, differing pointer devices or mouse, as well as a lack of adjustability. As a result, laptops, note books and tablets can be uncomfortable in prolonged use, unless steps are taken to avoid problems, e.g. by using a docking station.

The environment in which they are used

The work environment in which they are used tends to be less "user friendly" than the office. Areas are often constricted, such as on trains, in cars, at home etc, which does not allow the user to work comfortably for any lengthy period of time.

Demands on the user

The arrangement of the keyboard and the screen usually leads to the user working with their head and shoulders bent forward, adopting an awkward arm, wrist and hand position in order to key information in or read the screen.

It is as important to adopt good postural practice when using a portable computer, as it is when using a desk-top computer.

3. Good Practice When Using Portable Computers - The Equipment

Sitting

With the use of a portable computer there will always be a trade off between achieving a comfortable keying position and placing the screen at a viewing distance that is comfortable to the user. Posture is important and the user should not sit forward in a hunched up position for either keying or viewing work.

• Where ever possible an adjustable chair should be used such that it will allow you to sit far enough back so that the lower part of the back is supported by the backrest.
• Where this is not possible i.e. a non-adjustable chair is being used, then a cushion or pillow can be used to support the back of the user.
• When seated, your forearms should be roughly horizontal when your hands are on the keyboard. If a non-adjustable chair is being used, a cushion may be required to gain height.

Use of the portable computer keyboard

• Avoid awkward bending of the wrists whilst using the keyboard. Aim for a neutral keying position i.e. that the forearms, wrists and hand are in a straight line. You may have to adjust the height of your seat to achieve this.
• Sit upright!  This will reduce stress on the head and the neck. Pushing the keyboard back a little may help.
• Use the portable computer on a desk or table, so that with your arms resting on the work surface it should be possible to keep the wrists in a relaxed, neutral position.

Using the Mouse

• For prolonged use, it is best practice to use a separate mouse.
• If you cannot use a separate mouse, it is advisable not to screw up the fingers into a claw position or hold them in the air. Hands should be kept flat and the fingers relaxed when using a trackball or glide pad.

The Screen

• Glare and reflections on the screen should be avoided wherever possible, position the portable computer so this does not occur.
• The angle of the screen can affect the amount of glare and reflect picked up. A compromise may have to be sought between glare, reflections and the most comfortable viewing angle. If a free standing monitor can be used either with or without a docking station then this may be better.
• Keep the screen clean at all times.

4. Good Practice When Using Portable Computers - The Environment

• Avoid using a portable computer on its own (i.e. without a docking station), if full sized equipment is available.
• If you are using a portable computer at home, it important to find a suitable place to work that has both a comfortable chair and a desk/table to place the computer on.
• Sitting on the edge of a sofa or armchair is not suitable because of the posture problems that this can cause.
• Using a portable computer in the car (obviously not whilst driving!) or on the train, is popular. The hazards associated with using the portable computer in this environment are usually increased due to the lack of space. In most cases the computer will have to be positioned close to the user and the poor posture that results may well lead to the onset of aches and pains in the back, neck and forearm. The portable computer should be used as little as possible in these circumstances.

Manual Handling

• Consider the amount of equipment you carry - the laptop or tablet, any docking stations, other peripherals and paper work. Is it possible to reduce the equipment (and the weight) you carry? 
• Do not carry equipment or papers unless they are likely to be needed.
• Use a laptop bag (either a back pack or laptop bag with a long shoulder strap, allowing it to be worn across the body - messenger style).

Security

• Your personal security is of paramount importance, do NOT place yourself in danger attempting to prevent the theft of any equipment.
• Store laptop or tablets in the boot of the car whilst travelling and avoid the use of the equipment in public areas. Do NOT leave the equipment on display in a parked car.

End